Romanica Olomucensia 2014, 26(2):173-190 | DOI: 10.5507/ro.2014.019

Inútiles y subversivos: representación transmedia de los estudiantes chilenos en redes sociales

Camila Cárdenas Neira

El ciclo de movilización estudiantil iniciado en 2011 ha visibilizado a la juventud chilena de manera inédita en la postdictadura. Su acción política ha concertado la atención de los medios de comunicación que han convertido el conflicto educativo en un objeto polémico de representación. En este contexto, el uso estratégico de Internet y redes sociales los ha provisto de vías alternativas para la elaboración de significados resistentes. Desde la perspectiva de los Estudios Críticos del Discurso, este artículo analiza los usos comunicativos que construyen una representación transmedia de los/as manifestantes a partir de la denominación <<inútiles y subversivos>> difundida por la prensa tras la movilización del 4 de agosto. Se observa cómo la expansión de discursos multimodales de unos entornos online a otros impacta en la redefinición de la acción política estudiantil, desplegando una narración que modela las identidades juveniles a partir de formas de hetero y autorepresentación competitivas. Se concluye que, mediante prácticas intertextuales y de recontextualización sucesivas, los/as estudiantes subvierten las representaciones dominantes, apropiándolas a su favor. Esto implica que la producción y transposición semiótica modifica cogniciones sociales relevantes para la resignificación del movimiento, cuyos efectos se fundamentan en el carácter performativo de sus interacciones simbólicas en la red.

Palabras clave: representación transmedia; movimiento estudiantil chileno; acción política; discursos multimodales; comunicación online.

Useless and subversive: transmedia mobilization of Chilean students in social networks

The students' mobilization cycle started in 2011 has made visible the Chilean youth in an unprecedented way in the postdictatorship history. Its political action has concerted the attention of the mass media that have turned the educational conflict into a polemic object of representation. In this context, the strategic use of internet and social networks has provided them with alternative routes for the development of resistant meanings. From the perspective of the Critical Discourse Studies, this article analyzes the communicative uses that construct a transmedia representation of the protesters from the "useless and subversive" designation widespread by the press after the mobilization of August 4. It is observed how the diffusion of multimodal discourses from some online environments to others affects the redefinition of the student's political action, unfolding a storytelling which models the youth identities from competitive forms of hetero and self-representation. It is concluded that, through intertextuality and successive recontextualization practices, the students subvert the dominant representations, adapting them to their favour. This implies that the semiotic production and transposition modifies social cognitions which are relevant for the resignification of the movement, whose effects are based on the performative character of its symbolic interactions.

Keywords: transmedia representation; Chilean students' movement; political action; multimodal discourses; online communication.

Published: December 1, 2014  Show citation

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Cárdenas Neira C. Useless and subversive: transmedia mobilization of Chilean students in social networks. Romanica Olomucensia. 2014;26(2):173-190. doi: 10.5507/ro.2014.019.
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